Recognizing Heart Attacks and Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Understanding the Difference
People often use the terms “heart attack” and “sudden cardiac arrest” interchangeably, but they refer to distinct medical emergencies. Let’s break down the differences:
- Heart Attack:
- What Is It? A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked due to a clot or narrowed artery.
- Cause: Typically caused by atherosclerosis (plaque buildup) in the coronary arteries.
- Symptoms:
- Immediate and Intense: Chest pain or discomfort (often radiating to the left arm, neck, or jaw).
- Gradual Onset: Symptoms may start slowly with mild discomfort.
- Variability: Some individuals may experience mild symptoms or even none at all.
- Heart Function: During a heart attack, the heart usually doesn’t stop beating.
- Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA):
- What Is It? SCA occurs when the heart malfunctions and suddenly stops beating.
- Cause: Electrical irregularities disrupt the heart’s rhythm (arrhythmia).
- Symptoms:
- Abrupt: Often happens without warning.
- Loss of Consciousness: The person collapses and loses consciousness.
- No Pulse: The heart fails to pump blood to vital organs.
- Immediate Danger: Death can occur within minutes if not treated promptly.
The Link Between Heart Attack and Sudden Cardiac Arrest
- Interconnected: Sudden cardiac arrest can follow a heart attack or occur during recovery.
- Risk: Heart attacks increase the risk of sudden cardiac arrest.
- Other Factors: Conditions like cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and certain arrhythmias can also lead to SCA.
Immediate Response Matters
Sudden Cardiac Arrest:
- Check Responsiveness: For adults, check if the person is responsive.
- Call 112: Activate EMS.
- Use an AED: If available, use an automated external defibrillator (AED) promptly.
Remember, fast action saves lives. Whether it’s a heart attack or sudden cardiac arrest, every minute matters. Be prepared, stay informed, and spread awareness!